ONGC Notifies 4 discoveries in last one month; totaling to 10 discoveries so far in FY’13:

[1] D-1-D#1: “Around D-1” PML Block in Mumbai Offshore sector of Western Offshore Basin.
While carrying out the development drilling in D1 field (this field contains 4 wells and the first well was drilled back in 1976), they found out a new pool which has a very good commercial viability. When they were drilling a development well, they were supposed to drilled upto 2648m. But later on they found oil zone between 2630-2640m. So they drilled 100m further and found out a new oil pool with oil bearing zone of thickness 142m. Initially the IOIP was of the order of 600 million barrel, but after the discovery of the new pool, its total IOIP is expected to be in excess of One Billon Barrel.

[2] Madnam#3 (NMAB): NELP Block CY-ONN-2002/2, in Cauvery Onland Basin in Tamil Nadu.
Madnam#3 discovery is a major breakthrough in Cauvery basin. This discovery well is situated 14 km south-east of Chidambaram town in Tamilnadu. The API gravity of oil that it produces is 35.70ºAPI with production rate of 11500 m3/day.

[3] Mukkamala # 1(MUK-AA): PEL Block 1B, in Krishna Godavari Onland Basin in Andhra Pradesh.
Mukkamala # 1 discovery well is situated around 7 km north-west of Amalapuram town of Andhra Pradesh. It's producing rate is 38545 m3/day of gaa through 6 mm bean.

[4] BH # 68: (BH-G): PEL Block WOFF 123, in Mumbai Offshore sector of Western Offshore Basin.
This is the new pool that is discovered in Mumbai Offshore that has API gravity of 43ºAPI and produces oil @ 280 bopd and gas @ 114447 m3/day through 6 mm bean.

how 1 lbmol equals to 379.4 ft³ or scf

1 lbmole = (Weight of Carbon)/(M.wt. of Carbon)
= (12 lb mol ) / 12
= (5443.11 gm mol) / 12
= 453.5925 gm mol
Now,
1 gm mole= 23.70336 L (this is @ 60ºF or 15.55ºC)
= 0.02370336 m³
= 0.83643358 ft³ or say scf
and we can easily compute that 1 lbmol = (453.5925) x (0.83643358) scf
= 379.4 ft³ or scf
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[NOTE :1gm mole = 22.414 L/mol at 0 °C]

Cambay Basin (Note)

Date of discovery:
Cambay basin was first discovered in 1958. First exploratory well was drilled in the same year in Lunej near Cambay. The same well turned out to be discovery well which produced oil and gas. The first oil well was discovered in 1960 in Ankleshwar. Then after the exploration started with full fledged.

Type of structure:
Intracratonic rift grabben

Location:
The basin is located at 21° to 25°N and 71°30' to 79°30'E. The grabben is flanked in the east by aravalli range and deccan trap and in the west by saurashtra plateau.

Area:
The basin has covered area of about 56,000 sq.km

Total wells drilled:
Upto now about 2318 number of exploratory wells are drilled and out of 244 prospects 97 are found to be oil-gas bearing wells.
So the success ratio of the basin is 4.185%
Success ratio = (Oil-gas bearing well / Total number of exploratory wells)

Major tectonic blocks:
• Patan - Sanchar
• Ahmedabad - Mehsana
• Bharuch - Jambusar
• Narmada - Tapti
• Tarapur - Cambay

Depositional environment:
•The basement of the cambay basin is covered by the Deccan trap that was witnessed during late cretaceous.
•During Paleocene the thick sandstone and conglomerate were deposited over the Deccan trap. The Olpad formation was then marked by the unconformity.
•The unconformity was resumed by the gradual transgrassion resulting into the deposition of thick and dark shale, deposited during Early Eocene which are called as the Cambay shales. Thenafter it wa again marked by unconformity.
•During Middle Eocene, regression occured and deltas were formed, Kalol-Vasu in north and Hazad in south. In between these two delta system there is a large accumulation of oil.
•The trangression was commenced during the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene with the deposition of Tarapur shales over a large area of northern Cambay basin.
•Again the transgressive phase is followed by the regressive phase by the deposition of thick sandstones, shale alterations, limestone and claystones which together form the unit of Dhadhar formation.
• The basin is mostly covered by the alluvium which were brought by the Sabarmati, Mahisagar, Tapti and Dadhar.

New technologies/discoveries:
•Discovery of conventional energy source - shale gas in Dholka field. The technology employed there was hydraulic fracturing.
•Discovery of oil by Reliance which is 130 km in south away from Ahmedabad.
•Exploratory drilling by AWEL(Adani welspun exploration limited- Joint venture by Adani group and Welspun group) in the block which is close to Bharuch.

Thermal desorption process

The thermal desorption technique is the one of the most recongized technique for treating the drilling wastes. As the name indicates, it is based on 'desorption'; the phenomenon of removing the adsorbed particles from the surface over which they are absorbed. In this process the oil components which are present in the drilling waste are effectively removed by heating them at very high temperature. All the volatile hydrocarbon that are present in the waste are removed but, still some impurities which are very harmful for the environment as well as toxic for the drilling system aren't affected but this method. Heavy metal impurities such as barite, mercury, cadmium etc. and some saline additives still remain as unremoved impurities.
This process is mostly used in onshore since there is the high transportation cost involved in offshore. In onshore, the waste is sent to the desorption system by truck or by any other available transportation means. Then after the waste is weighted, it is kept segregated by the generator. Soon after that they are screened for foreign materials and finally they are feed into the hooper for heating. The heating temperature in the kiln is round about 500°C.
Rotary kiln is widely used for heating the drilling waste. In it the waste is heated at 500°C by passing the high temperature silicone oil around it. It should be noted that the oil is again provided by the hollow auger. Other method is also used in which the waste is heated by hammer, which uses the heat released by the friction.
Cautions:
Nitrogen should be used in order to remove the excess oxygen from the system as it can harm the waste in 2 hazardous ways:

• If the temperature of the system is higher than the flash point of the oil and at the same conditions if the amount of vapours available in the system is high then the presence of oxygen can produce fire. 
•  Moreover, hydrocarbons have tendency to crack at very high temperature. Now, at very high temperature if the oxygen is available to them than they can from the carcinogens and other harmful contaminants.

So, in order to avoid all these problems nitrogen is supplied into the system.
Apart of this a special care is taken for cooling the cuttings rapidly before exposing them in air.
Advantages:

•  The oily componets can be separated out from the drilled waste.
•  The additional oil can be reclaimed and it can be processed to used for different purposes.

Disadvantages:

•  Only oily componets can be obtained from this method, whereas other harmful componets still remain in the waste.
•  Special expertise is required by the operator in order to handle this process.
•  The quality of the oil that is obtained is not consistent. 
•  There are safety issues related to this process.
•  Air emission should be controlled.
•  Maintainance cost is high.
•  The thermal desorption process is the expensive one.

Petroleum Engineering Jobs Are In Demand

Petroleum Engineering Jobs Are In Demand

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• Know your voice(tone)
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• You speak, work can not speak
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